FAQ's - A Guide to Understanding Your Eyes - Orange Grove Center for Corrective Eye Surgery

<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#000080" vlink="#800000"> <div align="center"> <center> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4" width="100%"> <tr> <td valign="bottom" colspan="3"> <p align="center"><img border="0" src="../images/top_noframes.gif" width="590" height="85"></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="103%" colspan="3"> <div align="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4" width="94%"> <tr> <td valign="bottom" colspan="3"> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><a name="top" target="_self"><img border="0" src="../images/main.h21.gif" width="294" height="70"></a></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p align="left"><img border="0" src="main.h5.jpg" width="200" height="182"><i><b><font color="#000080" face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="4">"See Your World Through Our Eyes"</font></b></i> </td> <td> <p align="left"></td> <td> <p align="left"></td> </tr> <center> <tr> <td valign="top" width="103%" colspan="3"> </center> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><font color="#800000" size="2" face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial">If You Have a </font><font size="2" face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial"><font color="#800000">Question About Your Eyes, Click on a Topic Below.</font></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2">The following frequently asked questions (FAQs) are excerpted from the book                                         <i><font color="#000080">"Lessons from the Practice-The Gift of Sight" </font></i> written by                                                                        <b><font color="#0000FF">Robert M. Kershner, M.D., F.A.C.S.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></font></b></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial">Copyright 1994-2003.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>All Rights Reserved.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Not to be reproduced by any means,                                 mechanical or electronic without the written permission of the author.</font></p> <ol style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Verdana"> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="#Glasses, contacts - where'd they go?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?"><font color="#800000">Glasses, Contacts - Where'd They Go?</font></a> </font></li> <li> <p align="left">   <font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"> </font><a href="#THE HISTORY OF REFRACTIVE SURGERY (Radial Keratotomy)" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">The History of Refractive Surgery</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left">   <font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"> </font><a href="#The history of cataract surgery" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">The History of Cataract Surgery</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left"><a href="#Lessons from the Practice-The Gift of Sight" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">Lessons from the Practice-The Gift of Sight</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left"><a href="#So what's all this talk about laser vision correction?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">So What's All This Talk About Laser Vision Correction?</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left"><u><a href="../Our_Specialties/main.htm" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1" color="#008000">LASIK</font></a></u></li> <li> <p align="left"><a href="main_2.htm#Intraocular Lens" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">Intraocular Lens</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left"><a href="main_2.htm#Cataract" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1" color="#800000">Cataract</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left">   <font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"> </font><a href="main_2.htm#Topical Anesthesia" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">Topical Anesthesia</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left">   <font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"> </font><a href="main_2.htm#Clear Corneal Incision" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">Clear Corneal Incision</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left">   <font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"> </font><a href="main_2.htm#Phacoemulsification" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">Phacoemulsification</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left">   <font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"> </font><a href="main_2.htm#Insertion of the Lens" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">Insertion of the Lens</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left">   <font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"> </font><a href="main_2.htm#The Lens in the Capsule" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">The Lens in the Capsule</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="main_3.htm#ARE YOU AT RISK FOR GLAUCOMA?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">Are You at Risk for <font color="#800080">Glaucoma</font>?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="main_3.htm#COMPUTERS RAISE EYE-STRAINING QUESTIONS" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?"><font color="#000080">Computers and Eye Strain</font></a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="main_3.htm#"FLOATERS" A COMMON EYE PROBLEM" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">"FLOATERS" A Common Eye Problem</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="main_3.htm#THE EYE AND HOW IT WORKS" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">The Eye and How It Works</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_3.htm#WHEN SHOULD YOU GET YOUR EYES EXAMINED?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">When Should You Get Yours Eyes Examined?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_3.htm#THE EYE EXAMINATION" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">The Eye Examination</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_3.htm#QUESTIONS ABOUT HOW YOUR EYES DO WHAT THEY DO" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">Questions About How Your Eyes Do What They Do</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_3.htm#WHY DO WE REQUIRE READING GLASSES AFTER WE TURN FORTY?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">Why Do We Require Reading Glasses After We Turn Forty?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_3.htm#WILL WEARING EYEGLASSLES MAKE MY EYES DEPENDENT UPON THEM?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">Will Wearing Eyeglasses Make My Eyes Dependent Upon Them?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_3.htm#DO WEARING CONTACT LENSES SLOW DOWN THE DETERIORATION OF VISION?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">Do Wearing Contacts Slow Down the Deterioration in My Vision?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_3.htm#IF I KEEP NEEDING TO CHANGE MY EYEGLASS PRESCRIPTION, ARE MY EYES GETTING WORSE?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">If I Need to Keep Changing Eyeglasses are My Eyes Getting Worse?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="main_3.htm#WHAT IS AMBLYOPIA OR LAZY EYE?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">What is Amblyopia or "Lazy Eye"?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="main_3.htm#WHEN SHOULD A CHILD’S EYES BE EXAMINED?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">When Should a Child's Eyes Be Examined?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="main_3.htm#IF MY CHILD’S EYES ARE CROSSED WILL HE GROW OUT OF IT?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">If My Child's Eyes Are Crossed, Will He Grow Out of It??</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="main_3.htm#IF I NEED TO WEAR GLASSES OR CONTACTS WILL MY CHILD NEED GLASSES TOO?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">If I Need to Wear Eyeglasses Will My Child Need Them Too?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="main_3.htm#DO EYE EXERCISES HELP?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">Do Eye Exercises Really Help?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="main_3.htm#WHAT ABOUT PINHOLE EYEGLASSES, DO THEY IMPROVE YOUR VISION?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">What About Pinhole Eyeglasses, Do They Improve Your Vision?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="main_3.htm#WHAT ABOUT THOSE LENSES THAT BLOCK OUT BLUE LIGHT?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">What About Those Lenses that Block Out Blue-Light?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="main_3.htm#CAN YOU TRANSPLANT AN EYE?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">Can Ophthalmologists Transplant an Eye?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="main_3.htm#WHAT ARE CORNEAL TRANSPLANTS?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">What are Corneal Transplants?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="main_3.htm#QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT KERATOREFRACTIVE SURGERY" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?"><font color="#800000">Questions About KeratoRefractive Vision Correction Procedures</font></a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_3.htm#WHY AM I DEPENDENT ON GLASSES OR CONTACTS FOR DISTANCE VISION?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">Why Am I Dependent Upon Eyeglasses?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_3.htm#WHAT IS MYOPIA?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?"><font color="#008000">What is Myopia or Nearsightedness?</font></a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">   <a href="main_3.htm#WHAT IS HYPEROPIA OR FARSIGHTEDNESS?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?"> <u><font color="#0000FF">What is Hyperopia or Farsightedness?</font></u></a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_3.htm#WHAT IS ASTIGMATISM?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">What is Astigmatism?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_3.htm#HOW CAN I REDUCE OR ELIMINATE MY DEPENDENCE ON GLASSES OR CONTACTS?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">How Can I Reduce or Eliminate My Need for Glasses and Contacts?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_3.htm#AM I A SUITABLE CANDIDATE?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">Am I A Suitable Candidate?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_3.htm#TELL ME ABOUT THE PROCEDURE" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">Tell Me About The Procedure</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_3.htm#WHAT CAN I EXPECT AFTER LASER VISION CORRECTI0N?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">What Can I Expect After Laser Vision Correction?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_3.htm#HOW CAN I FIND OUT IF I AM A GOOD CANDIDATE?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">How Can I Find Out If I Am A Good Candidate?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="main_3.htm#THE EXAMINATION" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">The Eye Examination</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="main_3.htm#THE HISTORY OF MODERN CATARACT SURGERY" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">The History of Modern Cataract Surgery</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="main_3.htm#CATARACT SURGERY" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?"><font color="#800000">CATARACT SURGERY</font></a></font> </li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_3.htm#THE BASICS" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">The Basics</a></font> </li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_3.htm#TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKTHROUGHS" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">Technological Breakthroughs</a></font> </li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_3.htm#DO I NEED CATARACT SURGERY?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">Do I Need Cataract Surgery?</a></font> </li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_4.htm#QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT MODERN CATARACT SURGERY" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">Questions and Answers About MicroIncision Cataract Surgery</a></font> </li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="main_4.htm#DISEASES OF THE RETINA" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">Diseases of the Retina</a></font> </li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="main_4.htm#MACULAR DEGENERATION AND THE ROLE OF NUTRITION" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?"><font color="#000080">MACULAR DEGENERATION (ARMD)</font> and The Role Of Nutrition</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_4.htm#CAROTENOID CONTENT OF VEGETABLES" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">Determining the Nutritional Content of Vegetables</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font color="#0000FF" face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    </font><a href="main_4.htm#RISK FACTORS FOR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1" color="#0000FF">Ri</font></a><font color="#0000FF" face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><u>sk Factors For Developing Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)</u></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_4.htm#WHAT YOU CAN DO TO MAXIMIZE YOUR VISION WITH AMD" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">What You Can Do to Limit Your Risk of Developing AMD</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_4.htm#WHAT YOU CAN DO TO MAXIMIZE YOUR VISION WITH AMD" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">What to Do To Maximize Your Vision With AMD</a></font> </li> <li> <p align="left"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_4.htm#WHO TO CALL FOR LOW VISION DEVICES" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">Who to Call For Low Vision Devices</a></font> </li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="main_4.htm#DIABETIC RETINOPATHY" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">Diabetic Retinopathy</a></font> </li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="main_4.htm#RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">Retinopathy of Prematurity</a></font> </li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="main_4.htm#THE RED EYE" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">The Red Eye</a></font> </li> <li> <p align="left"><span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><u><a href="main_3.htm#What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?" target="_self"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" color="#0000FF" size="1">What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?</font></a></u></span> </li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="main_4.htm#DRY EYES" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?"><font color="#800000">DRY EYES</font></a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_4.htm#HOW CAN I TELL IF I HAVE DRY EYE?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">How Can I Tell If I Have Dry Eye?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="main_4.htm#BEWARE SUN EXPOSURE" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">Beware of Sun Exposure</a></font> </li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="main_4.htm#SYSTEMIC DISEASE AND YOUR EYES" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">Systemic Diseases and Your Eyes</a></font> </li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><a href="main_4.htm#LASERS" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?"><font color="#800000">LASERS</font></a></font> </li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_4.htm#WHAT IS A LASER?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">What is a Laser?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_4.htm#ARE LASERS SAFE?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">Are Lasers Safe?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_4.htm#HOW LONG DOES THE TREATMENT TAKE?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">How Long Does the Laser Treatment Take?</a></font> </li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_4.htm#HOW DOES MY DOCTOR AIM THE LASER?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">How Does Dr. Kershner Aim the Laser?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_4.htm#WILL THE LASER TREATMENT BE PAINFUL?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">Will The Laser Treatment be Painful?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_4.htm#WHAT WILL I EXPERIENCE DURING THE LASER TREATMENT?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">What Will I Experience During the Laser Treatment?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_4.htm#WHAT IF I MOVE MY EYE OR CLOSE MY EYELIDS?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">What If I Move My Eyes or Close My Eyelids?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_4.htm#WILL MY VISION BE BLURRED FOLOWING THE TREATMENT?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">Will My Vision be Blurred Following the Laser Treatment?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_4.htm#SHOULD I TAKE MY REGULAR EYE MEDICATIONS ON THE DAY OF THE LASER TREATMENT?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">Do I Take My Regular Medications on the Day of the Laser Treatment?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_4.htm#WHERE WILL THE LASER PROCEDURE TAKE PLACE?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">Where Will The Laser Procedure Take Place?</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">    <a href="main_4.htm#WILL I BE ABLE TO DRIVE MYSELF HOME?" target="What is a Pterygium or Pinguecula?">Will I Be Able to Drive Myself Home?</a></font></li> </ol> </span> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../images/linija.gif" width="96%" height="2"></font></p> <p align="left"><a name="Glasses, contacts - where'd they go?" target="_self"><font color="#000080" face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="4">Glasses, contacts - where'd they go?</font></a><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"> </font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana">It isn't every day that a doctor gets a taste of his own medicine, but after years of enjoying the satisfaction of giving my patients clear vision following eye surgery and relishing in their ability to see clearly without dependence on eyeglasses or contacts for every task, I decided to become a patient myself.<br> I have worn glasses for the better part of four decades. Contacts never worked well for me, they were difficult to insert, uncomfortable to wear and I never saw clearly. So just like many ophthalmologists, I wore glasses. As an eye surgeon, the dream of one day freeing myself from this handicap is one that I shared with thousands of others.<br> So why choose surgery? With today's advanced technology, the surgical reshaping of the eye's cornea with LASIK Excimer Laser procedure can bring images into more natural focus, replacing the need for eyeglasses or contact lenses. <br> Let me tell you about my experience. I've have never enjoyed wearing glasses, the simplest of activities like reading the alarm clock or turning on the lightswitch was not possible without them. I spent much of my day cleaning my glasses to ensure the clear vision that I required as an ophthalmologist. And swimming, skiing, playing tennis, or driving was impossible without them. But like many others, I put up with what I considered a necessary handicap.<br> So, after experiencing the delight of thousands of my own patients on whom I had performed refractive correction to provide lens-free living, several years ago I decided it was time to have my own eyes corrected. The whole thing took a matter of minutes, with no shots, no stitches, no bandages and no pain! And the result is amazingly clear. <br> Having had my vision corrected, rather than depending upon eyeglasses and contacts for the rest of my life, is one of the best things I've ever done for myself. I cannot explain the excitement of awakening to clear images.</span></font></p> <p align="left"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2">Taking a shower, walking in the rain, and travelling has taken on a whole new dimension. It is a sheer pleasure to play sports, swim and actually see underwater, bike, play tennis and ski without glasses getting in the way. And best of all, I can now work all day without constantly cleaning my glasses. </font></span></p> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana"> Even though my experience is similar to that of many of my own patients, this procedure is a matter of individual life-style choice, and it may not be for everyone. I know that if I had to do it all over again, I would do it again in a heartbeat, and my only regret was not having had it done sooner.<br> Because of my intensely positive personal experience with this delicate and wondrous procedure of vision correction, I today can share my experience with those of so many others. I, too, am a believe,r and I know that many other doctors, nurses, athletes, police officers, firemen, lawyers, soldiers, technicians, housewives, models, line workers, miners, construction workers, actresses, actors, bank tellers, students, service personnel, flight attendants, politicians, secretaries, accountants, transcriptionists, clerks, and the thousands of others who have delighted in this technology are believers, too. <br> Ask your optometrist or ophthalmologist about the options available for you. Clear vision is in sight...the new vision correction procedures of laser PRK, LASIK and the Implantable Contact Lens may be the right choice for the new you.<noindex><a href="http://www.asiteforeyes.com/FAQ-s/#top" target="_self"></a></noindex></span><a href="#top" target="_self"><img border="0" src="main.h1.gif" align="right" v:shapes="_x0000_s1026" width="22" height="35"></a><noindex><a href="http://www.asiteforeyes.com/FAQ-s/#top" target="_self"></a></noindex><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:Verdana"> </span></font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../images/linija.gif" width="96%" height="2"></font></p> <p align="left"><a name="THE HISTORY OF REFRACTIVE SURGERY (Radial Keratotomy)" target="_self"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" color="#000080" size="4">THE HISTORY OF REFRACTIVE SURGERY </font></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt" align="left"><span style="font-family:Verdana"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2">        The desire to be able to see without depending upon an optical device has been one of mankind’s goals for centuries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The discovery of modern day refractive surgery, the procedures which ophthalmologists perform to permanently correct the eye’s incorrect focus, had a most interesting beginning.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt" align="left"><span style="font-family:Verdana"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">        </span>It all started in Moscow, Russia in 1973.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>A thirteen-year-old boy by the name of Boris Petrov was involved in a fight in the school yard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>During the fight, his eyeglasses were broken and pieces of the glass cut the cornea or clear surface of his eye.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The boy was taken to the Moscow Eye Institute where he was attended to by world famous eye surgeon Svyatoslav N. Fyodorov.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Dr. Fyodorov cleansed the eye and bandaged it tightly for several days.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>When the bandages were removed, the boy remarked to Dr. Fyodorov on how much more clearly he could see without his glasses than he could before the injury.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Dr. Fyodorov examined the child’s eye and discovered that the tiny cuts made by the shards of glass had reshaped the cornea and corrected the child’s focus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Dr. Fyodorov felt that if a thirteen-year-old boy could correct his nearsightedness with broken pieces of glass, then Dr. Fyodorov as an experienced eye surgeon could do the same for others with delicate instruments in a careful planned fashion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>This became the beginning of what is known as the refractive surgical procedures to correct nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism, the early procedures of radial keratotomy.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt" align="left"><span style="font-family:Verdana"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">        </span>In 1978, a small group of pioneering ophthalmic surgeons from the United States traveled to the former USSR and studied with Dr. Fyodorov to learn his remarkable techniques.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>They brought the procedure back to this county.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>A national study commenced known as the Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>This study demonstrated that despite rudimentary techniques and instrumentation at the time, doctors were able to surgically correct eyes with imperfect focus with a safe, reproducible and effective procedure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Since that time multiple refinements in technique and instrumentation have occurred.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Further development of ultra-sonic measuring devices, computer assisted corneal mapping and computerized nomograms precisely measure the cornea and tell the surgeon how and where to place the correcting microincisions within the accuracy of one micron, or one-one thousandth of a millimeter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>This made radial keratotomy the most delicate microsurgical procedure in use for many years.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt" align="left"><span style="font-family:Verdana"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">        </span>Several other techniques were subsequently developed to reshape the cornea and correct the eye's imperfect focus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>For people who are farsighted or extremely nearsighted, the automated corneal shaper was utilized to perform lamellar keratoplasty (ALK) to reshape the central cornea.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt" align="left"><span style="font-family:Verdana"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">        </span>In 1995, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved an investigational device known as the <b>excimer laser</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>This microscopic laser removes incredibly small amounts of corneal tissue with an ultraviolet laser, and instead of making radial incisions, can correct nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Today, the Excimer Laser and the procedure known as LASIK are increasingly being utilized to accurately perform one of mankind’s longtime goals and the ophthalmologist’s finest microsurgical miracle procedure, to correct the focus of the human eye. <img border="0" src="main.h2.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1041" width="768" height="2"></font></span></p> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../images/linija.gif" width="96%" height="2"></font></p> <p align="left"><a name="The history of cataract surgery" target="_self"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="4" color="#000080">The history of cataract surgery</font></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt" align="left"><span style="font-family:Verdana"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2">          Cataract surgery is one of the oldest known surgical procedures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Writings concerning the treatment of cataracts date back to the Bible, ancient Egyptian papyruses and the writing of Hippocrates.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Surprisingly, the actual procedure had changed very little over thousands of years.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt" align="left"><span style="font-family:Verdana"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">        </span>Cataracts were once believed to be a film or growth in the eye.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The treatment for correction of this growth was to get the obstruction out of the way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>This procedure was known as couching.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The surgeon, who could be anyone from the local medicine man to the barber would insert a sharp object into the eye and push the clouded lens out of the way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Many famous people throughout history underwent this procedure including the artists Michelangelo, Rembrandt and Renoir.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt" align="left"><span style="font-family:Verdana"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">        </span>Fortunately, in the twentieth century modern surgical techniques began to change the nature of cataract surgery.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>It became a major surgical procedure requiring general anesthesia and a hospital stay.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>A large incision was placed into the eye with the patient asleep, the cataract surgically removed from the eye, the eye stitched closed and heavily bandaged.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Patients were kept at bed rest with their heads sandbagged into position to prevent movement for days at a time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Then when the eye was healed, a very thick pair of eyeglasses were fitted to allow the patient to see once again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The glasses were cumbersome and caused excessive magnification and distortion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Still it was better than going blind from cataracts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>This procedure was utilized until the early 1980s.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt" align="left"><span style="font-family:Verdana"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">        </span>In 1949, a physician in the British Royal College of Surgeons, Mr. Harold Ridley, was experimenting with the correction of aphakia (the loss of the human lens from cataract surgery) by implanting artificial lenses into animals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>As World War II broke out, he treated many fighter pilots whose eyes were injured by shattering plastic from the windshields of their fighter jets damaged during air combat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>He discovered that if the tiny pieces of plastic were left in the eye, they were very well tolerated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>A medical student suggested to Dr. Ridley that he use this plastic known by the chemical name, polymethylmethacrylate or Perspex CQ, as the material for a human intraocular lens implant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Thus became the beginnings of the artificial lens implant to replace the cataractous lens removed at the time of cataract surgery.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt" align="left"><span style="font-family:Verdana"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">        </span>Intraocular lens implants or IOLs gained in popularity in this country in the late seventies and early 1980s and is one of the most important advances in the field of modern eye surgery.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>In fact, Robert Young, the actor who played Dr. Marcus Welby in the TV series, credited the procedure with saving his career.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt" align="left"><span style="font-family:Verdana"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">        </span>Recent advances in the techniques of cataract surgery continue to make this one of the fastest evolving surgical procedures known in medicine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Today cataracts are removed using a process known as <b>phacoemulsification</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>A tiny hollow titanium needle is introduced through an incision of about one millimeter and the entire cataract is liquefied and vacuumed out through the tube in a matter of minutes.</font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12.0pt" align="left"><span style="font-family:Verdana"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">        </span>Because the incision size is so much smaller than conventional surgery, hospitalization, general anesthesia, sutures and bandages have all been eliminated.</font></span></p> <p align="left"><span style="font-family:Verdana"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">        </span>Someday we may understand why cataracts develop and prevent them from occurring.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Until then, todays' advanced technology can make the daily modern miracle of cataract surgery a reality of clear vision for millions the world over.</font></span></p> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"> <a href="#top" target="_self"><img border="0" src="../images/to_top.gif" align="right" width="22" height="35"></a></font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../images/linija.gif" width="96%" height="2"></font></p> <p align="left"><a name="Lessons from the Practice-The Gift of Sight" target="_self"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="4" color="#000080">Lessons from the Practice-The Gift of Sight</font></a><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><br> by Robert M. Kershner, MD, FACS</font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2">It was nearing the end of a long, hot dusty day in the Navajo reservation in northeastern Arizona when a young man stood shyly in the doorway of our makeshift eye clinic just as we were about to close our doors for the night. The young man explained that his great-grandmother wanted her eyes examined although she had never been to a doctor in her life. As a volunteer at the Arizona Medical Eye Unit, a project started in 1979 to provide ophthalmic examinations to the Indians of the Navajo reservation, I was aware that many Indians did not receive specialist medical care if they did not travel off the reservation.<br> He explained that she lived as many Navajo elderly did, with her family in a "hogan" or hut. For the past 27 years he had known her, they had cared for her, clothed her, and fed her because she was blind. He walked to his truck and returned leading an elderly woman by the arm.<br> For me, in 1985, a young doctor from the city, she was a magnificent sight. Dressed in the traditional long black dress of the Navajo, she was wearing elaborate pieces of turquoise and silver jewelry, collected through years of trading between various Indian groups of the region. One look in her eyes revealed that both of her pupils were as opaque as the turquoise jewelry that she wore. She had advanced cataracts. I told her great-grandson that her sight might be restored by surgery, which could be done in Tucson, several hundred miles to the south.<br> A preoperative physical examination showed this 103 year old woman to be in remarkably good health. With local anesthesia and with her great-grandson interpreting my instructions for her, a cataract was removed and an intraocular lens implanted.<br> The next morning, as the bandage was carefully removed, she looked at me and spoke a few pleasant-sounding words in Navajo. Her great-grandson translated that she "liked my beard." Hearing his voice, she turned to her great-grandson and smiled. She knew who he was from the sound of his voice, but she had never before seen his face.<br> That evening, on my drive home, I took the long way through the foothills surrounding the city. As the sunlight reflected its colors on the mountains, I imagined seeing it all for the first time.<a href="#top" target="_self"><img border="0" src="../images/to_top.gif" align="right" width="22" height="35"></a></font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><img border="0" src="../images/linija.gif" width="96%" height="2"></font></p> <p align="left"><a name="So what's all this talk about laser vision correction?" target="_self"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="4" color="#000080">So what's all this talk about laser vision correction?</font> </a></p> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><span style="font-family:Verdana">Question: There have been so many advances in surgery that corrects vision...it is all very confusing. What is this new surgery called LASIK? How is it different from PRK and RK?<br> <br> Vision correction procedures comprise the most exciting advance in the rapidly changing field of ophthalmology and microsurgery of the eye. From the earliest procedures to correct nearsightedness and astigmatism, radial keratotomy, developed by Dr. Svyatoslav N. Fyodorov from Moscow, Russia in the early 1970s, to the most recent advancements in laser reshaping of the eye, LASIK, we have come a long way from the dependence upon eyeglasses and contacts to clear vision without lenses!<br> <br> The eye works by bringing light through the outside window of the eye - the cornea - through the pupil and the lens, until it focuses on the retina. If the curvature of the cornea is steeper than normal, or if the eye is slightly elongated, light is improperly focused and nearsightedness or myopia occurs. In this case, only objects up close are in focus and everything else is blurred. An irregularity to the corneal curvature is known as astigmatism, which is one other distortion of vision. <br> <br> Radial keratotomy, previously the most commonly performed and best known of the refractive procedures, flattens the surface of the cornea, the clear part of the eye through which we see, with microscopic incisions around the center of vision. Thousands have undergone this procedure, which has quick recovery and corrects both nearsightedness and astigmatism. </span></font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><span style="font-family:Verdana">In 1976, researchers at IBM developed a laser technology known as excimer for use in industrial applications to create computer microchips. This particular type of laser can produce very precise etching of material with almost negligible effects outside the area which is targeted. In June of 1983, Stephen L. Trokel, M.D. of New York worked with physicists at the IBM Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York, and demonstrated that excimer laser radiation could be utilized to reshape corneal tissue without damaging it. This is the basis of the patent which Dr. Trokel received in 1983. Since that time, several other ophthalmic surgeons have applied the excimer laser clinically to correct astigmatism and nearsightedness (myopia), and farsightedness (hyperopia). In the United States two companies - Summit Technology of Waltham, Massachusetts and VISX of Santa Clara, California - successfully collected data from surgeons utilizing this technology to be awarded approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration for use in the correction of human vision in 1995 and 1996.</span></font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><span style="font-family:Verdana">Early work with the computer-controlled laser showed that precise microscopic amounts of corneal tissue could be removed, thus flattening it and potentially bringing the eye into more normal focus. This procedure is known as photorefractive keratectomy or PRK. Despite promising initial results, acceptance by the general public was slow. In an effort to improve the precision and speed up the healing following the laser procedure, pioneering refractive surgeons applied different techniques to the application of the laser. LASIK is one such technique. The name LASIK is short for laser in-situ keratomileusis. Like photorefractive keratectomy with the excimer laser, LASIK reshapes the cornea. Using an automated instrument known as a microkeratome, the refractive surgeon creates a flap on the surface of the cornea. This flap remains attached on one side and, as it is folded over, the excimer laser is applied to reshape this newly exposed layer of cornea. Once the surface of the cornea has been reduced by the exact amount determined by the computer, the surgeon returns the flap of surface cornea to its original position and the procedure is completed. Usually the excimer laser procedure takes less than one minute to perform. Following the procedure, the eye has been reshaped by the appropriate amount and images can now come into more natural focus.</span></font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><span style="font-family:Verdana">Many surgeons feel that LASIK offers advantages over PRK and RK by leaving the surface tissue of the cornea undisturbed. Recovery is quicker and any discomfort is reduced.</span></font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><span style="font-family:Verdana">The likelihood of a successful outcome following modern laser surgery is excellent. As with all surgical procedures however, there are certain risks. Unsatisfactory results with the laser are uncommon, though there is a small likelihood that the microkeratome cannot create a proper flap and the procedure has to be delayed.</span></font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><a href="#top" target="_self"><img border="0" src="../images/to_top.gif" align="right" width="22" height="35"></a><span style="font-family:Verdana">To learn more about the vision correction procedures or to find out if you are a candidate, consult an ophthalmologist or optometrist, who has experience with these new techniques. The promise of natural vision, once a dream, today can become a reality.</span></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2" color="#000080">These (FAQs) are excerpted from the book "Lessons from the Practice-The Gift of Sight" written by Robert M. Kershner, M.D., F.A.C.S.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span> </font> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2" color="#000080">Copyright 2000.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>All Rights Reserved.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Not to be copied by any means, mechanical or electronic without the written permission of the author. </font> </span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="103%" colspan="3"> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p align="center"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2">| <noindex><a href="http://www.asiteforeyes.com/FAQ-s/main.htm" target="_self">FAQ's Page 1</a></noindex> | <noindex><a href="http://www.asiteforeyes.com/FAQ-s/main_2.htm" target="_self">FAQ's Page 2</a></noindex> | <a href="main_3.htm" target="_self">FAQ's Page 3</a> | <a href="main_4.htm" target="_self">FAQ's Page 4</a> |</font></p> <p align="center"><img height="1" src="../linija.gif" width="96%"></p> <p align="center"> <marquee style="font-family: Verdana; color: #0000FF; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold" bgcolor="#FFFF00">Change the way you SEE...and change your LIFE!  Robert M. Kershner, MD, FACS and Chris M. Seniw, MD are two of Tucson's most experienced refractive specialists helping thousands of your friends and neighbors to see more clearly without the dependence on eyeglasses and contact lenses.  Shop around, but stop here. You will find the most qualified specialists, the best staff and the happiest patients.  The Eye Laser Center-Tucson, Arizona USA  Call or Contact us through this site NOW!</marquee> </p> <p align="center"><strong><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">| <a href="../index.htm" target="_top">Intro Page</a> | <a href="../a_site_for_eyes.htm" target="_top">Home Page</a> |<a href="../About_Us/whatsnews.htm" target="_top"> What's New </a> | <a href="../About_Us/index.htm" target="_top">About Us</a> | <a href="../Physicians/index.htm" target="_top">Physicians</a> |<br> | <a href="../Your_Eyes/index.htm" target="_top">Your Eyes</a>  | <a href="../Our_Specialties/index.htm" target="_top">Our Specialties</a> | <a href="../Appointment/index.htm" target="_top">Appointment</a> | <u><font color="#0000FF">More <a href="index.htm" target="_top">Your Eyes</a> </font></u> | <a href="../Location/index.htm" target="_top">Location</a> | <a href="../Contact_Us/index.htm" target="_top">Contact Us</a> |<u><a href="../About_Us/Eye_Laser_Center_Privacy_Policy.htm">Privacy Policy</a></u></font></strong></p> <p align="center"><img height="3" src="../linija.gif" width="96%"></p> <p align="left"><font size="1">*Individual results may vary. Persons over the age of forty are more likely to require glasses for reading. Sunglasses may be necessary when out of doors. As with all surgical procedures, there is no assurance or guarantee as to the outcome of the procedure.</font></p> <p align="left"><font size="1">This website is intended for educational purposes only.  It is not a substitute for medical advice from a physician. To schedule an appointment with one of our medical doctors, contact us on line, by phone <font color="#0000FF"> (520) 797-2020</font> or fax <font color="#0000FF"> (520) 797-2235</font>.  Use of this site constitutes an agreement with the user that releases the Eye Laser Center and Robert M. Kershner, MD, PC from any and all liability. </font></p> <p align="center"><img height="3" src="../linija.gif" width="96%"></p> <p align="center" style="line-height: 60%"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2"><b>E-Mail us at:</b> <a href="mailto:info@asiteforeyes.com"><b>info@asiteforeyes.com</b></a></font></p> <p align="center" style="line-height: 80%"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="2" color="#FF0000"><b><i>Eye Laser Center</i><br> Robert M. Kershner, M.D., P.C., F.A.C.S.</b></font><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1"><br> <b> SUITE 303, 1925 W. ORANGE GROVE ROAD<br> TUCSON, AZ 85704-1152<br> Phone: (520) 797-2020<br> Fax: (520) 797-2235</b></font></p> <p align="center" style="line-height: 60%"><span style="background-color: #FFFF00"><b><u><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" color="#0000FF" size="3"><a href="../Contact_Us/main.htm">SET YOUR SIGHT ON US...AND SET YOURSELF FREE!</a></font></u></b></span></p> <p align="center"><font face="Verdana, Helvetica, Arial" size="1">Best experienced with<br> <noindex><a href="http://www.microsoft.com"> <img src="../footer1.gif" width="88" height="31"></a></noindex><br> You must be running Internet Explorer 5.0.or later<br> <br> Designed & Developed by<br> <a href="../Physicians/Robert_Michael_Kershner.htm" target="_top"><font color="#0000FF">Robert M. Kershner, MD, FACS,<u> PC</u></font></a><br> Copyright © 1998-2003. All servicemarks, trademarks and copy herein are registered property of Robert M. 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